Microbiology and genetic engineering both include the field of microbial genetics. Microorganisms are studied in microbial genetics for a variety of reasons. Bacteria and archaea are the microbes that are seen. Additionally, several protozoa and fungi are used as research subjects in this area. Studies of genotype and expression systems are part of the study of microorganisms. Because they are small and were believed to lack changeable features and sexual reproduction required for the mixing of genes from different creatures, microorganisms were mostly overlooked by early geneticists. As a result of their small size and the fact that they reproduce much more quickly than larger organisms, microorganisms have attracted a great deal of interest from geneticists since it was discovered that they possess a variety of physical and physiological characteristics that are amenable to study. The study of bacteria led to the development of key model organisms for genetic research and to several findings of general relevance in genetics. Cloning technology is based on bacterial genetics. Another essential component of microbial genetics is viral genetics. The first to be fully understood was the genetics of viruses that target bacteria. Since then, research on and discoveries in viral genetics have been applied to viruses that are dangerous to plants, animals, and people. In DNA technology, viruses are also employed as vectors agents that transport and inject altered genetic material into an organism. Microbiology Conference 2023 will elaborate more details on microbial genetics